Crimes against humans
1. Crimes against the public or the congregation
a. Bribery (Exodus 23:8; Deuteronomy 16:19; Proverbs 17:23)
b. Contempt for the law (Numbers 15:30; Deuteronomy 6:16-17)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 17:12-13)
c. Perjury (Exodus 20:16; Leviticus 19:12)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 19:16-20)
d. Perverting or obstructing justice (Exodus 23:1-2, 6; Leviticus 19:15; Psalm 82:2)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 16:19-20)
e. Conspiracy (2 Samuel 15:10-12)
f. False teaching (Romans 16:17; 2 Thessalonians 3:14-15; 2 John 10)
g. Spreading dissension (Romans 16:17; Titus 3:10)
2. Crimes involving immorality
a. Adultery (Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18)
1) Penalty (Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22-25)
b. Rape (Deuteronomy 22:25-26)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 22:25-29)
c. Prostitution (Deuteronomy 23:17)
1) Penalty (Leviticus 19:29; 21:9)
d. Seduction (Exodus 22:16-17)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 22:28-29)
e. Incest (Leviticus 18:6-18; Deuteronomy 22:30)
1) Penalty (Leviticus 20:11-21)
f. Sodomy (Leviticus 18:22-23; Deuteronomy 23:17)
1) Penalty (Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 20:13, 15-16)
3. Crimes against persons
a. Murder (Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 19:11-13)
1) Penalty (Genesis 9:6; Exodus 21:12)
2) When a person is found murdered and the murderer cannot be discovered, the prescribed ritual must be performed. (Deuteronomy 21:1-9)
b. Manslaughter / Unintentional homicide (Exodus 21:12-14; Joshua 20:3-6)
1) Penalty (Numbers 35:11, 22-29)
2) Build a guard rail around a roof (if it is flat and used as living space), and remove potential hazards from the home. (Deuteronomy 22:8)
c. Assault (Exodus 21:18, 26)
1) Penalty (Exodus 21:19; Leviticus 24:19-20)
d. Kidnapping (Exodus 21:16; Deuteronomy 24:7)
e. Slander (Leviticus 19:16)
Pasakta l’chiyusi - Lit. “you cut off my livelihood”. If a person competes in business in an unfair manner, such as by selling below cost, or threatens to cut off the livelihood or income of the original tradesman entirely and jeopardize his business - he has the right to restrain the competitor. Also, if an injury caused during the commission of the crime will inhibit the person’s ability to work in the future, that must be taken into consideration when rendering judgment. (Exodus 21:32; 22:5)
4. Crimes against property
a. Stealing (Exodus 20:15; 22:1-12; Deuteronomy 23:24-25)
b. Arson (Exodus 22:6)
c. Moving a boundary mark (Deuteronomy 19:14)
a. Bribery (Exodus 23:8; Deuteronomy 16:19; Proverbs 17:23)
b. Contempt for the law (Numbers 15:30; Deuteronomy 6:16-17)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 17:12-13)
c. Perjury (Exodus 20:16; Leviticus 19:12)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 19:16-20)
d. Perverting or obstructing justice (Exodus 23:1-2, 6; Leviticus 19:15; Psalm 82:2)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 16:19-20)
e. Conspiracy (2 Samuel 15:10-12)
f. False teaching (Romans 16:17; 2 Thessalonians 3:14-15; 2 John 10)
g. Spreading dissension (Romans 16:17; Titus 3:10)
2. Crimes involving immorality
a. Adultery (Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18)
1) Penalty (Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22-25)
b. Rape (Deuteronomy 22:25-26)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 22:25-29)
c. Prostitution (Deuteronomy 23:17)
1) Penalty (Leviticus 19:29; 21:9)
d. Seduction (Exodus 22:16-17)
1) Penalty (Deuteronomy 22:28-29)
e. Incest (Leviticus 18:6-18; Deuteronomy 22:30)
1) Penalty (Leviticus 20:11-21)
f. Sodomy (Leviticus 18:22-23; Deuteronomy 23:17)
1) Penalty (Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 20:13, 15-16)
3. Crimes against persons
a. Murder (Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 19:11-13)
1) Penalty (Genesis 9:6; Exodus 21:12)
2) When a person is found murdered and the murderer cannot be discovered, the prescribed ritual must be performed. (Deuteronomy 21:1-9)
b. Manslaughter / Unintentional homicide (Exodus 21:12-14; Joshua 20:3-6)
1) Penalty (Numbers 35:11, 22-29)
2) Build a guard rail around a roof (if it is flat and used as living space), and remove potential hazards from the home. (Deuteronomy 22:8)
c. Assault (Exodus 21:18, 26)
1) Penalty (Exodus 21:19; Leviticus 24:19-20)
d. Kidnapping (Exodus 21:16; Deuteronomy 24:7)
e. Slander (Leviticus 19:16)
Pasakta l’chiyusi - Lit. “you cut off my livelihood”. If a person competes in business in an unfair manner, such as by selling below cost, or threatens to cut off the livelihood or income of the original tradesman entirely and jeopardize his business - he has the right to restrain the competitor. Also, if an injury caused during the commission of the crime will inhibit the person’s ability to work in the future, that must be taken into consideration when rendering judgment. (Exodus 21:32; 22:5)
4. Crimes against property
a. Stealing (Exodus 20:15; 22:1-12; Deuteronomy 23:24-25)
b. Arson (Exodus 22:6)
c. Moving a boundary mark (Deuteronomy 19:14)
